本政策文件确定了中国基层医疗部门可持续发展的行动领域和路径。
尽管自 20 世纪 60 年代以来,中国人口的预期寿命几乎翻了一番,并已接近发达国家水平,但中国基层医疗机构的医疗资源和服务仍未得到有效、平等、公平的分配。虽然在过去几十年中采取了各种政策措施,但与到附近的全科医生处求医相比,中国民众依然更愿意去医院就诊,并期待得到更好的治疗。这导致了一系列随之而来的问题。不仅医院经常超负荷工作,挤满了轻症病人,而且基层社区卫生服务中心的全科医生也发现自己也陷入了路径依赖的负面循环。基层医疗机构中的全科医生声誉更差,结果就是来就诊的患者更少,尽管许多情况下他们能做到更快、更有效的诊疗。为了应对各种长期挑战,需要进行系统性的改革,其中也包括采取“软”方法来增强全科医生和病人之间的信任。
在许多欧洲国家,以全科医生为核心的基层医疗构成了医疗保健体系的基础,并形成了分级诊疗体系,其中家庭医生是所有非急诊病人的第一就医渠道。参与本课题的中德专家通过多次研讨,确定并深入探讨了不同的行动领域。刘涛教授博士所撰写的这份政策文件对上述研讨成果进行了总结,并为中国基层医疗领域的可持续发展提出了建议。
本发布有中文、英文两个版本可供下载。
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Liu, Tao
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Meier, Oliver; Staack, Michael
Bormann, René; Gaffron, Philine; Kucz, Ingo
Schwemmle, Michael; Wedde, Peter
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