艾伯特基金会-上海国际问题研究院第五届气候治理研讨会 - 来自中国、欧洲和美国的学者和专业人士就2022年埃及沙姆沙伊赫《联合国气候变化框架公约》第27次缔约方大会(COP27)后如何推进气候治理相关工作展开了讨论。
艾伯特基金会-上海国际问题研究院第五届气候治理研讨会为期两天,来自中国、欧洲和美国的学者和管理部门代表总结了沙姆沙伊赫全球气候变化峰会的成果,并探讨了如何进一步推进气候保护工作。
国家应对气候变化战略研究和国际合作中心的徐华清主任对埃及峰会的成果表示了认可。同时,他也提醒应提防因为乌克兰战争煤炭卷土重来。德国外交部国际气候政策处主任Luisa Rölke回应,欧洲煤炭用量上升只是暂时的,恢复用煤是为了应对俄罗斯入侵乌克兰导致的能源危机的临时性举措。德国仍将坚定不移地推动减排工作,实现减排目标,例如到2030年可再生能源在能源结构占比达到80%。
今年的会议专门围绕COP27达成的重要里程碑之一 “损失与损害基金”展开了讨论。德国经济合作与发展部气候融资司司长Annette Windmeißer博士强调,这一新型基金机制事关气候正义,德国高度重视并承诺推动该机制的建设。然而,中国社会科学院的潘家华委员指出,资金有限,相较于设立损失与损害基金,投资绿色能源从而进一步限制排放可能更为有效。气候脆弱国家论坛和V20的特别财务顾问Sara Jane Ahmed则阐述了设立损失与损害基金的经济逻辑,不仅限于气候正义。
会议第二天,与会者讨论了各国如何开展合作,共同努力缩小排放差距,实现控温1.5℃的目标。
中国国家气候中心主任巢清尘教授指出,许多发展中国家在实施绿色转型时主要的困难在于缺乏技术和资金。德国环境署气候保护和能源部主任Susanne Dröge博士宣布德国已发布2023年氢能战略,并指出碳捕集与封存技术只适用于减排 "最后一英里"的工作。美国国务院海洋和国际环境与科学事务局前外事官员Daniel Garrett指出,美国持续加大对全球变暖的关注;要引导资金和投资进入气候变化领域,让各方看到希望非常重要。
最后,与会者探讨了地缘政治关系紧张时期国际合作的话题。全国人大常委、中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院副院长王毅概括了中国的新气候目标。他认为,即将举行的全国人大年度会议将推动一系列体制改革,加大向可再生能源转型的力度,"我们将超额完成目标"。美国国家行政学院研究员Daniel Guttman教授以其研究的实例介绍了在灾害管理领域如何实施国际合作。
与会者一致认为,信任是继续推进国际合作的主要前提条件之一。信任是一种稀缺货币,虽然其它政治领域关系紧张,但可以通过建立基于规则的机制和加强沟通来建立信任。正如Agora能源转型论坛董事总经理涂建军所说:“我们需要多些胡萝卜,少些大棒。”
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