在由艾伯特基金会上海代表处与南京师范大学金陵女子学院共同主办的研讨会上,中国和德国的专家与研究生们探讨了与日俱增的照护需求、其对性别平等的影响以及两者之间的矛盾。
随着社会快速老龄化,不论在中国还是在德国,照护需求都在不断增长。照护从业者大部分为女性。同时,职业女性在家庭中承担了更多的(无偿)照护责任,而专业护理人员薪酬微薄,工作环境恶劣。人口老龄化是对社会的考验,照护需求与日俱增是对性别平等的新挑战。虽然各方都主张规范照护标准,确保提供“良好的照护服务”,但现实中却往往是对照护工作者的盘剥和忽视。
本次研讨会分两个下午在南京举行。会上,德国和中国的专家和研究生们讨论了这些趋势的影响和各类缓解问题的方法,对比分析了中国和德国在照护和性别平等问题上的共同点和差异。在四个单元讨论中,专家们探讨了如何重新评价专业照护工作,结构性性别失衡如何导致女性照护从业者陷于劣势与困境,并介绍了各地示范项目,讨论了推广的可能性。显然,要提高专业照护工作的吸引力,吸引更多不同性别的从业人员,就必须提升这一职业的社会声望。只有改善工作条件,提高薪酬,才能降低从业人员的高流失率并改善对患者的安全保障。此外,中国和德国都仍然主要由家庭成员提供基本照护,因此需要因地制宜,建立支持体系,把照护责任从家庭(主要是女性)转移至专业人员和社区养老项目。
传统的性别角色定位,以及现行社会保障体系把照护负担转移给私营企业,过度依赖家庭提供照护,不利于实现高质量的老年照护服务,保障照护从业者的合理待遇和公平公正。要确保向老龄化社会有效过渡,必须兼顾这些因素。归根结底,不论是照护还是其它行业,性别平等本身并不是目的,而是建设更加繁荣、公平的社会的前提。艾伯特基金会上海代表处和金陵女子学院将继续就这些问题开展合作。
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Liu, Tao
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Meier, Oliver; Staack, Michael
Bormann, René; Gaffron, Philine; Kucz, Ingo
Schwemmle, Michael; Wedde, Peter
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