在“共同富裕”的理念下,中国终于消除了绝对贫困——下一步该怎么办?
“共同富裕”是中国经济增长和社会迁移的指导原则。通过这一政策,中国已使数亿人摆脱贫困,并在2020年底成功消除了绝对贫困。然而,今后的长期目标是什么?中国又该如何实现这些目标?这是弗里德里希·艾伯特基金会(FES)上海代表处和中国国际经济交流中心(SCIEE)上海分中心组织中德两国专家举办的两天研讨活动的首要议题。
1978年实行改革开放政策之后,中国共产党通过推动经济增长,使中国在短短几十年内从一个贫困的农业型国家一跃成为全球第二大经济体和最大的出口国。然而,巨大的经济增长导致财富分配不均,中国位居世界上最不平等国家之列。
尽管中国将“共同富裕”作为扩大中产阶级群体的长期目标,但仍应确定需要哪些政策来促进全面增长。正如中德两国专家在会议上所指出的,经济体系和社会保障体系都亟需改革并采用新的方法和手段,从而确保实现平等和公正的社会发展。
多位中方专家认为,经济收入分配应主要通过第三次分配来实现,即企业以自愿捐赠资助等形式,将财富返还给社会中的贫困群体。而德国专家则指出,这只是杯水车薪,却无法改变居民财富结构。为了应对挑战,可考虑引入基本税制改革——如遗产税、财富税或赠与税——以及进一步发展渐进式所得税制度等解决方案。
多年以来,中国政府通过增加基础设施或教育资源等公共产品供给,不断提升城乡居民的总体生活质量。上海等城市在这方面做的最早,它们的例子说明公共产品可以提高全体居民的富裕水平。同时,中方专家也认识到亟需改革社会保障制度,从而为全体国民提供均等的社会保障,即在中国城乡各地提供同等和均质的、全面的养老保险、失业保险和医疗保险服务。
在为期两天的会议上,与会嘉宾围绕经济和社会政策的未来发展进行了激烈的研讨,而正是这些政策使中国在过去取得了巨大的发展成就。
同时,中德专家还针对如何应对实现自定目标的挑战以及实现目标可采用的各种工具和手段展开了讨论和交流。
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Liu, Tao
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Meier, Oliver; Staack, Michael
Bormann, René; Gaffron, Philine; Kucz, Ingo
Schwemmle, Michael; Wedde, Peter
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