在去年的COP26格拉斯哥峰会之后,来自中国、欧洲和美国的学者和实践者讨论了气候事业的发展方向。
为期两天的会议聚集了来自学术界、行政部门和政府的中国、欧洲和美国的演讲者,对COP26格拉斯哥峰会的成果和气候保护工作的进一步发展进行了总结。
关于对峰会的评估,中国国家气候变化战略与国际合作中心的徐先生和德国环境部的Sach先生指出了峰会进一步详细阐述的如何实现《巴黎协定》的目标的重要性。尽管如此,双方都同意,有必要开展进一步的工作,以确保经济复苏方案的设计符合气候友好原则。Sach提出了一个“气候俱乐部”的建议,该俱乐部由领先者和领导国家组成,但对所有国家开放,以加速实现目标。
中国社会科学院的潘先生指出,为了实现清洁能源转型,制定要强的气候目标十分重要。欧盟委员会气候行动总局的Paolo Caridi先生明确表示,高效的碳定价机制在其中发挥了关键作用,并阐述了欧盟成功地将增长与排放脱钩。Kevin Tu(Agora Energiewende)和其他小组成员一致认为,能源转型是一个机会,其实施需要信任与合作。
新开发银行副行长Leslie Maasdorp强调了公正的能源转型的重要性,这种转型既不让发展中国家落后,也考虑到它们的发展需求。因此,他和中国国家气候中心主任朝清晨以及气候发展咨询机构Thomas Hirsch强调了国际合作的重要性,比如政府间气候变化专门委员会。
绿色和平国际执行主任Jennifer Morgan说,非政府组织应该仔细审查政府的行动,从而帮助各国应对在近年来越来越明显的气候变化的灾难性影响。评论员Jesse Scott女士(Agora Energiewende)同意并建议非政府组织可以促进国家机制的更多协调。中国国家气候变化战略与国际合作中心柴启民补充说,格拉斯哥峰会标志着非政府组织及其能够建立的多方利益相关者联盟的参与达到了一个新的水平。
会议结束时,根据美国、中国和欧盟/德国之间的关系,对气候谈判的现状进行了评估。美国外交部的Susan Biniaz强调了气候保护对美国新政府的重要性,新政府把重新加入《巴黎协定》作为其首批决定之一。目前美国国际气候合作做法是较多的双边性,而没有太多的三边性。中国全国人大常委会委员王毅先生强调了中国对气候政策多边方针的重视,并建议美国、中国和欧盟将旨在支持发展中国家努力的气候对话制度化。德国经济合作与发展部国务秘书Jochen Flasbarth称格拉斯哥峰会及其成果是成功的。尤其是《巴黎协议》的“规则手册”最终达成一致,这是一个巨大的进步。Flasbarth说,接下来的步骤不是制定更多的目标,而是实际实施这些目标。
本着这种精神,会议即将结束。它使三方与会者不仅有机会就格拉斯哥峰会交换意见,而且有机会讨论在国际峰会的大背景下经常被忽视的其他相关问题。艾伯特基金会和上海国际问题研究院将在2023年组织下一次气候治理会议,以跟进这些发展。
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