如何使全球供应链更具可持续性?
如何使全球供应链更具可持续性?如何减少供应链上的强迫劳动、童工、剥削性就业和环境成本?欧洲的民间社会组织多年来一直在宣传和推动《供应链法》或《尽职调查法》--现在这样的法律将于2023年在德国生效,欧盟委员会已经提交了一份指导性草案,其中有更严格的规定。原则上,这些立法将要求公司不仅在自己的业务范围内,而且在其供应链上对侵犯人权或破坏环境负责。但是,这些法律项目也遭到了来自全球南方的企业和国家以及中国的批评。.
随着全球供应链已经在Covid19大流行病和俄罗斯入侵乌克兰的影响下发生转变,供应链法案可能会进一步改变国际贸易的面貌。为了就供应链的未来发展交换意见,FES上海与上海国际问题研究所(SIIS)共同组织了这次圆桌会议,中国和欧洲的政界和学术界代表参加了会议。
来自上海国际问题研究所的王忠梅博士承认国家和公司需要通过供应链的多样化来提高他们的复原力,但他警告说,不要采取夸大的干预主义,这样做的代价是非常大的,而且可能对发展中国家不利。
来自德国人权研究所的Michael Windfuhr描述了国际贸易中的一种新趋势,即把重点从产品标准转向过程标准,这不仅表现在供应链法案中,也表现在 "气候中立 "产品的趋势中。
在谈到供应链法案的问题时,欧洲议会与中国关系代表团副主席René Repasi解释了欧盟企业尽职调查指令的目前的立法过程。他重申了他对该法案的支持和必要性,因为许多基于自愿努力的倡议都未能促成变化,也未能为公司建立一个公平的竞争环境。Repasi先生说,只有对其供应链中的条件承担民事责任,才能引起积极的变化。
SIIS的龙静博士建议中国应该对这些倡议持开放态度,并将其视为对中国企业在海外供应链中改善劳工和环境标准的鼓励。同时,她重申了中国对第三世界家庭依赖不稳定劳动力或可能出现保护主义的负面效应的担忧。
会议明确指出,供应链正在经历由大流行病、地缘政治紧张局势以及消费者和政府对生产过程的认识提高所引起的根本变化。虽然欧盟和德国的立法有助于加强供应链上的人权和环境标准,但通过在即将到来的世贸组织改革议程上设定流程标准,可以更全面地实现同样的目标。
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Liu, Tao
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Meier, Oliver; Staack, Michael
Bormann, René; Gaffron, Philine; Kucz, Ingo
Schwemmle, Michael; Wedde, Peter
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