不管是在中国、德国还是其他任何国家和地区,城市都在不断发展。在人口增长、经济和社会剧变以及气候变化的背景下,城市不得不走上重塑自我之路。社会关切面临被忽视的危险。应弗里德里希·艾伯特基金会上海代表处和上海市人民政府参事室的邀请,来自中国和德国的约100多位专家于2020年9月22日和23日就宜居城市话题开展了探讨。外国专家通过视频连线的方式参加了会议。
上海市副市长陈群和艾伯特基金会理事长罗兰德·施密特(Roland Schmidt)在欢迎辞中一致强调,必须通过变革提高城市的可持续发展和宜居水平。
但是,一个城市该怎样才宜居呢?城市与区域规划专业教授约翰·耶森(Johann Jessen)援引了联合国可持续发展目标的目标11。他表示,宜居城市应当包容、安全、有抵御灾害能力并且可持续。要达成这一目标,城市需要具备适当的密度、功能组合模式、社会多样性和公共基础设施。与此同时,还需要有针对性地保护历史遗产,并在各种利益集团之间实现平衡。这对城市政府提出了复杂的要求。例如,目标必须着眼长远,同时提供足够的灵活性和开放性,以应对新变化。此外,城市是区域网络的一部分,因此必须与周边地区共同承担责任。在所有这些工作领域,必须利用和促进公民社会的责任与参与。因为只有共同塑造变革,全体城市居民才能过上美好生活,对社会弱势群体、老人和儿童的排斥现象才能得到遏制。与此同时,城市所能获取的工具和资源并不总是充分的,耶森表示。
为应对城市空间的挑战,中国的解决之道在于落实人民城市的理念,即“人民城市人民建,人民城市为人民”。正如上海市政府参事、华建集团首席总建筑师汪孝安所概述的那样,这一模式同时描述了目标和方法。特别是,其目标包括社会公平公正、环境友好和经济繁荣。汪孝安表示,要实现所有这些目标,需要树立每个城市独一无二的愿景。城市愿景能够激励市民,激活资源。
汉堡参议员多罗西·施塔佩尔费尔德(Dorothee Stapelfeld)和上海市政府参事、同济大学教授唐子来都强调了居民参与的重要性,可能采取的形式,以及这对政治家、政府行政部门和市民提出了哪些要求。唐子来指出,与过去通常由精英人士进行决策不同,如今更需要大家共同制定目标和解决方案。
与会者一致认为,宜居城市需要的是更多的合作,而不是更多的竞争。对于许多城市而言,这就需要新的治理模式。除了市民参与外,开放性、灵活性、综合方法、试验空间、采取更积极主动的方法纠正错误、接受临时解决方案以及充足的财政资源,这些都被列为取得成功的核心因素。
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Liu, Tao
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Meier, Oliver; Staack, Michael
Bormann, René; Gaffron, Philine; Kucz, Ingo
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